indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
publication (of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.); issue; issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.); raising (an event)
feeling; sense; impression
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
couple; husband and wife; man and wife; sibling; brother and sister
to swipe; to nick; to pilfer; to steal
(written) work; book; (written) by; clearness; obviousness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
change of title; retitling; changed title
free translation; liberal translation
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
on the occasion of; at the time of
to translate; to interpret
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
writing; composition; essay; sentence
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
devising (a way); contriving; device; design; dedication to spiritual improvement (esp. through Zen meditation)
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result