first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
excerpt; extract; annotation; shō (unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
primary school; elementary school; grade school
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the way back; the way home; return trip
firm-sided backpack made of leather, etc. (used by Japanese elementary schoolchildren, often red for girls and black for boys)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
grove of miscellaneous trees; copse; coppice; thicket
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
full bloom (esp. of cherry blossom); full blossom
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
atmosphere; air; magnanimity; generosity