young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
question; inquiry; enquiry
to spout out; to spurt out; to sprout; to bud; to burst into laughter; to blow (smoke, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although I say; although one might say; although called
now; the present time; just now; another; more
company employee; office worker; white-collar worker
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
concrete; definite; specific; material; substantial
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
primary school; elementary school; grade school
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
living by oneself; living alone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...