at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall and pile up (e.g. snow); to lie thick
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roll up; to hoist; to take away; to rip off (e.g. money from someone); to blow up (dust)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
congratulations on entering a school; gift to someone entering a school
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
shifting gears; changing gears
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mountain bicycle; mountain bike
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
office worker; company employee; company man; salaryman (stereotypical Japanese office worker)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
pulling something out (in a stroke); plucking out; forcibly removing one after another (e.g. demonstrators); overtaking multiple people (in a spurt); pulling ahead
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
metre; meter; meter; gauge
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
loss; feeling of loss; Los Angeles
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to straighten up; to sit upright
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sudden brake; coming to a sudden stop
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to fall forward (of a person); to tumble forward
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another