illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
something like ...; something called ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
club activities; extracurricular activities
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drive in (e.g. nail, stake); to hammer in; to hit (a ball, etc.); to drive; to fire into (e.g. a crowd); to launch (e.g. missiles); to input (data)
life; lifetime; career; for life; all one's life; throughout one's life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
senior high school; high school
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
desperation; struggle to the death
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
study; diligence; discount; reduction
school of one's (first, second) choice
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
ronin; masterless samurai; high school graduate waiting for another chance to enter university after having failed the yearly entrance examination; person out of work; jobless person; (arch.) wanderer
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
interval; break; pause; spare moment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet fortuitously (e.g. running into an old friend); to meet by chance; to happen across
working adult; full-fledged member of society
to recall; to remember; to recollect
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to become (a state, condition, etc.)
conviction; belief; confidence
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally