illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
club activities; extracurricular activities
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
artificial; man-made; human work; human skill; artificiality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
ramen; Chinese-style noodles
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
line (of text); row; carya (austerities); samskara (formations); semi-cursive style (of writing Chinese characters); running style
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to gather; to collect; to assemble
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then