illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
extravagant; absurd; unbelievable; enormous; tremendous; extraordinary
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
nakedness; nudity; bareness; nakedness; being penniless; concealing nothing
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
courtyard; quadrangle; middle court
to stand in a row (e.g. shops on a street); to line in a row; to line; to be equal to; to be on a par with
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
being sensitive to the cold; person who is sensitive to the cold
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to (make something) quiver; to shake; to tremble; to vibrate
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise