illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
tunnel; to tunnel (through a potential barrier); letting a grounder go through one's legs
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to be affected; to put on airs; to act like (something one isn't); to pretend to be
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
pure literature; belles-lettres
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
completely ordinary; plain; commonplace; everyday
mundane; routine; everyday; unremarkable; common; day-to-day
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
female dancer; dancing girl; danseuse
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
-ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); doing such things as...; expresses a command; (arch.) to be; (arch.) indicates completion or continuation of an action
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Izu (former province located on the Izu Peninsula in present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Izu Islands)