to warp; to bend; to contort; to be perverted; to be warped (of a view, mind, etc.); to be distorted
immunity; immunization; immunisation; being hardened (to); being unaffected (by); being accustomed (to)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
smallpox vaccination; inoculation against smallpox
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
ozeki ranked wrestler unable to live up to the expectations of his rank
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain; England
cattleman; raising cattle
discovery; detection; finding
around the world; throughout the world
Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
wall iris; roof iris; Iris tectorum; fleur-de-lis
oak (esp. Quercus serrata)
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
origin; source; virtuous ancestor
proposal; proposition; suggestion
to order; to send away for; to have (something) sent to one; to pull (something) closer
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
every place; various places
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
gradually; steadily; slowly; little by little; step by step; by degrees
smallpox; variola; pockmark; pock
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
eradication; extermination; destruction; suppression
good-quality; superior in quality
to exterminate; to eradicate; to wipe out; to let (fire) go out; to let die (e.g. flowers); to run out of
control; management (e.g. of a business)
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
government permission; official licence; official license; government permit
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
Bizen (former province located in the southeast of present-day Okayama Prefecture)