country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
success; boom; being well-attended (of an event); prosperity
border (between countries); national border
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
royal capital; imperial capital
judging from; on the basis of; from the point of view of
remote region; outlying district; border district; frontier
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; similar; (just) like; equal
sweat; perspiration; moisture; condensation; gulp; oops
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
a little; a few; small; only; just; merely
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
filth (esp. excrement, feces, urine); muck; waste; garbage; dirt; dust
smell; scent; aura; whiff; faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to hang over; to shroud; to enshroud; to envelop; to screen
inside of a store (restaurant, café, etc.); store interior; on the premises
almost; nearly; hardly; barely; large majority; large proportion
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
to use up; to exhaust; to devote oneself (to); to do one's utmost (for); to do to exhaustion; to do completely
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
labor; labour; work; Labour Party
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
shithead; bastard; fucking; bloody; damned
master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent