indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
workshop; studio; atelier
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run
myself; yourself; I; me; you
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to set foot into; to enter; to step inside; to cross the threshold
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
almost; roughly; approximately
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
lying down and getting up; waking; getting up; living (with); staying (with)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
dispersion; scattering; spreading out; diffusion
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
to perceive; to grasp (the situation)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to cock one's head in puzzlement; to tilt one's head in contemplation; to wrack one's brain; to think hard
bedside; near one's pillow
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed