indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
clothing; dressing; binding (of a book)
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
harvest moon (trad. 15th day of the 8th lunar month); bright moon; full moon
1000 ri; (a) long distance
cover; covering; cover song; cover version; coverage; to compensate for (a loss)
illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
spring day; spring sunlight
step; stride; counter for steps
since when; from when; how long
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
royalty and titled nobility
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
male domination of women; male chauvinism; subjection of women
tide; current; tendency; trend
oppressive rule; tyrannical regime; despotism
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
youngest brother; last disciple
lux (unit of illuminance)
(Japanese) imperial succession
right (to do something); authority; power
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry