person adrift on the sea; castaway (on an island)
system; institution; organization; organisation
breeding; multiplication; increase; propagation; reproduction
to be inferior to; to be less good at; to fall behind
personal; individual; private
imperial villa; royal villa; detached palace
gloomy; melancholy; dreary; depressed; dismal
bald mountain; denuded mountain; bare hill; treeless hill
beginning; outset; first; onset
scaffold; scaffolding; foothold; footing; foothold (e.g. in business); foundation
how; in what way; how (much); to what extent; however (much); no matter how
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
way of writing; manner of writing; penmanship (esp. used in old textbooks); calligraphy; format (e.g. of a report); stroke order of a character
pronunciation; reading (e.g. of a kanji); way of reading (out loud); interpretation (e.g. of a text); reading
art of self-defense (defence)
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
older sister and younger brother
erratic; offbeat; wild; extraordinary
present point (i.e. in history); at the present time
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
nine parts; nine percent; almost
expansion of one's sphere of influence; increase in one's power (strength, influence)
(sleeping) peacefully; quietly; soundly
to breathe while sleeping
to get tired of; to lose interest in; to be fed up with; to have enough
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
common reed (Phragmites australis)
little by little; bit by bit; sparingly
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress