first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
royal castle; imperial castle
courtyard; quadrangle; middle court
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be dyed; to be tainted; to be infected; to be stained
last night; yesterday evening
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin to fall (rain, etc.)
unseasonable; out of season
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
to pile up; to accumulate; to estimate
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more