royal capital; imperial capital
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
serving (of food); helping; chilled soba served on a dish (often on a wicker basket or in a shallow steaming basket) with dipping sauce
consequence; outcome; result; blame
skillful; skilful; adroit; clever; shrewd; ingenious
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to impose (a tax, fine, etc.); to levy; to assign (a task, duty, etc.); to give; to set
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
woman; female; feminine gender
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nausea; sickness in the stomach
dizziness; giddiness; vertigo
sharp pain; acute pain; intense pain
in the end; on top of that
faint; trance; swoon; stupefaction
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
symptoms; condition (of a patient)
to ask after (someone's health); to visit; to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
excited condition; excited state
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
obstacle; impediment; hindrance; handicap; impairment; disability
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
reality; actuality; hard fact
isolation; cut off; blockade; quarantine; interception; deprivation
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
defense; defence; safeguard; protection