indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be found; to be discovered
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to open the lid; to lift a lid; to open the lid (on); to make public; to start (something); to look at the results (consequences, outcome, effect)
(electric) torch; flashlight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
round; circular; curved; smooth; harmonious; calm
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to rise to the surface; to come to the front; to emerge (e.g. from obscurity); to stand out (e.g. against a dark background)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to see; to witness; to observe; to catch sight of; to get a glimpse of; to encounter
scene; spectacle; sight; view
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
meaning; significance; sense
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
body; trunk; torso; hull (boat); fuselage (aircraft)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to detach; to decapitate; to cut loose; to let loose; to dismember
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
four (long cylindrical things)
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
easy; simple; ready; casual; off-hand; easy-going
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way