indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
battle; fight; fighting; engagement; contest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to boil; to seethe; to roil (e.g. waterfall, torrent); to foam; to well up (of emotions); to overflow (e.g. fighting spirit)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
heat; hot air; enthusiasm; excitement; fever
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
opposite; reverse; contrary
in-house; (on) the grounds; (in) the premises; hall; theatre; theater
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to strain; to stretch; to string up; to cover over (e.g. with tiles, ice, etc.)
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
(made of) stone; stone-built
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
boorish; unrefined; rustic; uncouth; clumsy; brusque
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
use; utility; profit; gain
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
custom; habit; customary practice
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
multicolored; multicoloured; of various colors; diverse; of all kinds; all manners of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.