to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
whole nation; whole land; whole country
prosperity; glory; splendour; splendor; majesty; luxury
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
origin; beginning; source; rise
presumption; assumption; estimation
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
(political) power; authority; influence
surroundings; environs; circumference
encirclement; encircling net; tight besiegement
present continuous tense; present progressive form
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
state of things; state of affairs; condition; situation; circumstances
complete change; about-face
downfall; ruin; collapse; destruction
leader; guide; mentor; coach
birth; creation; formation