chapter one; first chapter
contest; competition; struggle; scramble
until now; so far; up to the present
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
idea; plan; fancy; impulse; thought; whim
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too much; excessively; too
logical connection; chain of reasoning; coherence; blood vessel
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to amuse oneself; to make merry