straight-laced person; stubborn person
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
stain; spot; smudge; spot (on one's skin, e.g. chloasma, liver spot); blemish; discoloration
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to change into; to convert to; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
luxurious; magnificent; extravagant; sumptuous
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
to turn over; to turn around; to change (one's mind); to reverse (one's decision); to fly (flag, etc.); to wave (skirt, cape, etc.)
hem; (trouser) cuff; bottom part; bottom edge; foot (of a mountain); tips (of hair)
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
autumn colours; fall colors; leaves turning red; red leaves; leaves turning yellow; yellow leaves; (Japanese) maple (Acer japonicum)
fruit of a tree; nut; berry
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
woman; female; feminine gender
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
belle of society; queen of high society
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
wherein; therein; thereinto
close to the wall; alongside the wall
to stand (still) a while; to loiter; to stop
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself