prefix for forming ordinal numbers
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
war; battle; match; game; competition
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to put on an air
innumerable; countless; numberless
to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
along; parallel to; in accordance with
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to be imminent; to loom; to be approaching; to be impending
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
to be stormy; to be rough; to be rough (of skin); to be chapped; to be ruined; to fall into ruin
to rage; to be fierce; to be excited
surging waves; raging billows; turbulent; tempestuous; tumultuous
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)