indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(department) store; (department) stores
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
centimeter; centimetre; centi-; 10^-2; sentimental
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to boost; to force up; to push up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to flow into; to pour into; to stream into
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
just past noon; afternoon
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
swimming in the ocean; sea bathing; seawater bath; going for a dip in the ocean
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be crowded; to be packed; to be jammed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
opening of the beachgoing season
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
far away; far off; nowhere near; far cry
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
spring break; spring vacation
to be too much for one; to find unmanageable; to be beyond one's control; to not know what to do with