library; book collection; paperback book
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Zhou dynasty (China, approx. 1046-256 BCE); Chou dynasty; perimeter; counter for laps or circuits
illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
existence; possession; having; limited company
katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum); Japanese Judas tree
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one day; (on) a certain day
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
state of mind; mentality; psychology
research society; study class (e.g. religious); seminar (e.g. presentation of research)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
grief; sorrow; extreme sadness; heartbreak
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to burn; to scorch; to singe; to char
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
dress; outfit; equipment; makeup; adornment; guise
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
dazzling; glaring; dazzlingly beautiful
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
sunlight; rays of the Sun
to soften; to calm down; to be eased; to be mitigated; to subside; to abate
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period