prefix for forming ordinal numbers
one act (play, etc.); scene; event
goes without saying; needless to say; obvious
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
great-grandfather; great-granddad; great-grandad
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
generation; lifetime; age
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
accurate; flawless; perfectly ordered; without deviation
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
family tree; pedigree; genealogy
to think about; to send one's heart out to; to give more than a passing thought to; to think of something far away; to think nostalgically upon (esp. one's hometown)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
great antiquity; old-fashioned; long ago
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fill to capacity; to pack; to complete; to tessellate
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
reduction by half; halving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to repeat; to do something over again
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times