order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
very young; little; childish; immature
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
while; during; while; although; all; both
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
fusuma; Japanese sliding screen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to examine someone's expression
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
corridor; hallway; passageway
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
Buddhist (household) altar
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
seiza; kneeling with the tops of the feet flat on the floor, and sitting on the soles
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building