indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suddenly; in a flash; rapidly; attractive; distinguished; showy
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
to become muddy; to become cloudy; to become dull (of a sound, color, etc.); to become hoarse; to become impure (of a heart, society, etc.); to be corrupted
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
to warp; to bend; to contort; to be perverted; to be warped (of a view, mind, etc.); to be distorted
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imp; elf; pixie; goblin; devilkin
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to blow fiercely; to rage; (arch.) to play (a flute, etc.) for fun
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to disappear into; to be lost in; to do something under the cover of (confusion, etc.); to be almost indistinguishable; to be confusingly similar; to be diverted from (negative emotions, etc.)
(kicking and) struggling; wriggling; floundering; to get into a panic; to make a fuss; to make a scene
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rock; to shake; to swing
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
curtain; hanging; bunting
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
easy; simple; ready; casual; off-hand; easy-going
walking; pace; step; course (of history, one's life, etc.); history; pitch (of a screw, etc.)
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate