Toyotomi Hideyori (1593.8.29-1615.6.4)
taikō (esp. Toyotomi Hideyoshi); title for a regent, later for the grand chancellor, also for the father of an Imperial adviser (advisor) who passed the role to his son
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
orphan; child left by the deceased; abandoned child
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
power; might; authority; spirits; vigor; vigour
invisibly; secretly; privately
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ability; gift; talent; sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
genius; prodigy; natural gift
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
will; testament; last request
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
older brother; elder brother
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the House of Tokugawa; the Tokugawas
to serve; to work for; to attend
wet nurse; nursing mother
close associate; close aide; brains-truster
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
head; leader; top; (arch.) important part
battle formation; camp; encampment; group; gang; war
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543.1.31-1616.6.1), Shougun 1603-1605
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reconciliation (between warring nations); (making of) peace
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582.6.21)