indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
theory; doctrine; opinion; view; rumour; rumor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
hypothesis; supposition; assumption; tentative theory
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
especially; above all; inter alia; among others
the Monkey (ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Monkey (around 4pm, 3-5pm, or 4-6pm); west-southwest; 7th month of the lunar calendar
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
origin; beginning; genesis; primeval; primordial; primitive
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
adaptation; accommodation; conformity
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ectogenesis; outside the body
evacuation; emission (e.g. of CO2, etc.); ejection
function; facility; faculty; feature
remains; traces; (the sorrow of) parting; end
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding