prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be buried; to be covered; to be hidden
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
to rise (suddenly) in the world (to a higher position)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
street; quarter; district; area
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
collaborator; cooperator; coworker; ally
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
misfortune; adverse fortune; hapless fate; checkered (life, career, etc.); varied; eventful
trade; business; occupation; profession; job
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to temper thoroughly; to train well
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
payment in advance; advance payment; prepayment
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
terrific; fierce; terrible; tremendous; dreadful; awful