readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seat; seats; stands; grandstand; bleachers
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
educational institution; school; academy; campus
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
martial arts which involve fighting without weapons; combat sport; one-on-one fighting sport
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
head of the student council; president of the student council
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(in the) presence (of); in front (of); before (someone)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to unfold; to unroll; to open
game (contest) held in the presence of a lord (daimyo, shogun)
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
to win through (e.g. to the next round); to win game after game; to achieve a final victory; to fight to the end and win; to come out on top
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
just cause; good reason; pretext; duty (to one's country, sovereign, etc.)
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
imitation; counterfeit; fake; sham; ersatz (object)
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
serious; earnest; real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon)
with; by; because of; on account of; on (a day, date); at (a time); adds emphasis to preceding word
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out