beforehand; in advance; previously
pathogenic bacteria; germ; pathogen
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
mouth; lips; shape of the mouth; near an entrance; vicinity of an entrance
to bear; to stand; to restrain; to control; to forgive; to put up with
to stand watch; to stand guard; to look out; to open (one's eyes) wide
serious; grave; dignified; solemn
how many years; how long; what year
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
to jar; to creak; to grate
cave; cavern; den; grotto
head; lead; vanguard; first
back to back; discord; feud; opposite sides of the same coin
while; even though; despite
one by one; one at a time; in turn
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
to carry in one's hand; to carry with one; to have on one's person; to take along (someone); to take (someone) with one; to be accompanied by
lower floor; downstairs; bottom of the stairs; foot of the stairs
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
dance hall; dance floor; landing (stairs); leveling off (e.g. in the economy); period of stagnation
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
strict; severe; stringent; rigorous; rigid; firm
daring; fearless; intrepid; bold; tough
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
to roll over; to tumble; to roll about (with laughter)
to project; to protrude; to pop out (e.g. eyes); to jump out; to rush out
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
scabbard; sheath; cap (on pen, brush, etc.); case; margin (between two prices); spread
so to speak; so to call it; as it were
striking with the back of the sword