indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
left; left-hand side; left hand; the left (wing); leftist; fondness for alcohol
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
work; workmanship; craftsmanship; artifice; trick; device
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
new work; new production; new composition; new creation; new title
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy (stock, materials, etc.); to purchase; to lay in; to get; to obtain
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to sell (well); to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
to shake; to sway; to rock; to become unstable; to become unsettled; to be shaken
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to bend oneself forward (esp. in curiosity or excitement); to hang out (e.g. over a balcony)
to look into; to peep into; to peer into
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adroit
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist