area; zone; (lit.) belt (of land)
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
grace; favor; favour; blessing; benefit
the north; northward; northern direction; northern part (e.g. of a country); northern district
to extend; to stretch out; to attend; to participate in; to enrol; to enroll
mountain range; mountain belt
chill; the shivers; shivering fit; cold; coldness; cold air
north wind; northerly wind
to interrupt; to obstruct (a view, someone's way, etc.); to block (light, wind, etc.); to intercept; to cut off
travelling on foot; traveling on foot; travelling all over
difficulty; hardship; trouble; infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
precipitous; rugged; inaccessible; grim; severe; stern
terrain; geographical features; topography
everywhere; at every turn
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
the south; southward; southern direction; countries in the south (esp. Southeast Asia and the pre-WWII South Pacific Mandate)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
source of river; fountainhead
general; popular; common; typical
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
fresh water (i.e. not salt water)
invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass
adjacency; contiguity; being adjoined
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
land route; overland route; by land; overland
going through; going via; going by way of
complex; intricate; complicated; confused; troublesome; vexatious
mainly; chiefly; primarily; for the most part
commerce; trade; business
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
undulation; ups and downs; highs and lows
route; road; distance travelled in a day; one's ... (age, e.g. 40s, 60s)
good position; favourable situation
prosperous; flourishing; popular; widespread; active; lively
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
famous; noted; renowned; celebrated; well-known