indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
to become stormy; to become rough (of the sea); to fall into ruin; to become neglected; to become rough (of skin); to get chapped
latest; newest; late-breaking (news)
(school) grade; year; class; grade; kyu (junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.)
wood chip; splinter; worthless thing; worthless person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to scatter; to cause a shower of; to disperse; to distribute; to resolve (a symptom, condition, etc.); to relieve
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
quiver; quaver; flutter; statistical fluctuation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
surroundings; environs; circumference
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
striking on the side; side blow; slanting (rain, snow, etc.); driving
to blow against; to spray (paint, etc.; onto a surface)
control tower; conning tower; leader; commander; playmaker; game maker
starboard (right side of vessel)
in an instant; in a moment; immediately; suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once
to stick to; to cling to; to adhere to
to harden; to solidify; to become firm; to become certain; to gather (together); to assemble
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
to repaint; to paint again; to paint (a different colour); to change completely; to break (a record); to redraw (e.g. the map)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
Island; insula; island; islet