he; she; that person; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
line; queue; procession; matrix
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
while; during; while; although; all; both
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thin; skinny; delicate; fragile; feeble
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet (Twitter)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to hold; to carry; to embrace (in one's arms)
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
sravaka (disciple of Buddha); adherent of Hinayana Buddhism
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
past middle age; nearing old age; near-elderly; age 40
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to ask; to enquire; to inquire; to search; to look for; to look into
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
soliloquy; monologue; speaking to oneself
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ancestral spirit; collective of ancestral spirits which have lost their individualities; ancestor deified as a kami; spirit of a kami
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
this world; this life; current epoch (i.e. the Holocene epoch)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
returning home; visiting one's parents; new bride's first visit to parents
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
every year; yearly; annually
the Bon Festival and New Year; two great things (happening at the same time)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding