principal; head teacher; headmaster; headmistress
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
Fujiwara no Mototsune (836-891; statesman and aristocrat)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
head of the student council; president of the student council
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
head of year; teacher in charge of all classes for a whole year
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
minister (of a government department)
therefore; consequently; accordingly; for that reason
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
it's OK to ...; it's best to ...; it's alright to ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fact; truth; reality; in fact; actually
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
layer; stratum; class; stratum; sheaf; counter for stories (of a building)
centripetal force; unifying force; cohesive power
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be connected (to); to be joined together; to connect (of a telephone call, the internet, etc.); to get through; to lead (to an outcome); to bring about (a result); to be lined up (e.g. of cars)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
opinion; view; comment; scolding; reprimand; rebuke
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to cock one's head in puzzlement; to tilt one's head in contemplation; to wrack one's brain; to think hard
to groan; to moan; to roar; to howl; to hum (engine, wind, etc.); to buzz; to ooh and aah (in admiration)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
query; interrogation; enquiry; question; inquiry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder
student preparing for or taking examinations (usu. entrance exams); test-taker
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
pamphlet; brochure; leaflet
making (a report, plan, contract, etc.); drawing up; writing out; preparing; creating (a file, website, account, etc.)