God; god; deity; ace; king; superior person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
door; gate; opening; title page
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
ill will; spite; bad meaning; mala fides; bad faith; malice
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
to shed light; to cast light
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to float in the air; to be unfinished; to be unsettled; to be undecided
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous