indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
disorder; chaos; confusion
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to mix; to stir; to scramble; to churn
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
to be in disorder; to lie scattered around
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to spend; to expend; to waste; to squander; to devote
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to finish reading; to read through
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
clear; distinct; evident; definite
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
questionable; doubtful; suspicious
utensil; implement; tool; instrument; appliance; apparatus
internal organs; intestines; viscera
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
exhibition; display; putting on show
pickled (something); pickled in (something); preserved in; overreliance on (e.g. medication); excessive use of
westering sun; setting sun; afternoon sun
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
baseball club (at a university, corporation, etc.); baseball team