iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Meiwa era (1764.6.2-1772.11.16)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
great treasure; Taihō era (701.3.21-704.5.10); Daihō era; great treasure (used to refer to bodhisattvas, esoteric teachings, etc.); homa-mandala (fire altar)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
river; stream; River; the ... river
coolie; laborer; labourer; carrier
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
such ... as; or some such
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
rowdy fellow; tough; bully; ruffian
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
one; same (mind, path, etc.)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
passer-by; traveler; traveller
generation; lifetime; the age; the day; the first (e.g. Elizabeth I); issei
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
bathroom; (arch.) bathing; (arch.) bathing attendant (for a noble)
mountain range; mountain system
religion; religious affiliation; belief; religious activity
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
having a wife; marrying (a woman); marriage
generation; lifetime; age
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...