prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
poisonous air; poisonous gas; poisonous ingredient; poisonous nature; malice; spite
bing-bong bang-bong (Big Ben chimes, used as a bell in Japanese schools)
that day; the very same day
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end of work day; end of school term; end of school year
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
first thing in the morning
start of work; commencement; opening
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
singing voice; (sound of) singing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
(not so) much; (not) very
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
to say goodbye; to bid farewell
with a snap; with a bang; with a plonk; suddenly; all of a sudden