water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to jar; to creak; to grate
hard (on the ears); offensive (to the ear); rasping; rough; harsh; grating
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
care; looking after; trouble; bother; good offices; recommendation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
abandonment; renunciation; resignation; abdication (responsibility, right)
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to shrivel (e.g. cut vegetables, skin); to wilt; to fade; to wither; to be wizened
crop; crops; (agricultural) produce; farm products
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cover fully; to wrap around
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
anyone can see that; it's obvious that
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
prosperity; flourishing; thriving
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
already; now; no longer; not any more
mere shadow of one's former self; having no trace left (of former glories, talent, looks, etc.); unrecognizable (as the person one used to be); unrecognisable
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
field of flowers; flower garden; flower bed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
wasteland; wilderness; abandoned land; devastated land
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
chief; main; principal; major