indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
dead of night; shades of night; black of night
exhaust; emission (of gas from an engine); expulsion (of air); ventilation
-itis (indicating an inflammatory disease)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
while; during; while; although; all; both
pale; pallid; bluish-white
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
anywhere; for all time; through thick and thin; come hell or high water; persistently; stubbornly
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand; one broad, flat object
lapis lazuli blue; bright blue; azure
canopy; dome; priestly minstrel's reed hood; reed hood worn by Komuso priests
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; shorthandedness; lack of help
wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds
thunderous; rumbling; thunderously; rumblingly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sound of the wind; voice of the wind
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
vast; boundless; vague; obscure
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of