zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
Japan Agricultural Cooperatives (JA)
flight (e.g. airline flight); trip (e.g. train trip); mail; post; opportunity; chance
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
control (by the state); controlling; coordination; air traffic control
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
not long has passed since ...
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
aviation; flight; flying; to fly; to take a flight
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
shaking; trembling; pitching; disturbance; unrest; agitation
to ask after (someone's health); to visit; to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fan (oneself, flames, etc.); to flap (in the wind); to instigate; to stir up; to drive up prices (by buying a large amount of something); to take a photo from a low angle; to tailgate
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
ominous; sinister; unlucky; inauspicious
creak; squeak; creaking; discord; strife; friction
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during