indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to pop off; to pop out; to fly off; to shoot off; to burst open
main wings (of an aeroplane, airplane)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
detachment; coming off; peeling off; (flow) separation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
bitter orange (Citrus aurantium); sour orange; Seville orange; orange (color, colour)
innumerable; countless; numberless
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
armoring; armouring; armor; armour
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
joint; seam; joining point
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
now; the present time; just now; another; more
becoming red hot; red heat; scorching heat; running high (of emotions); burning (with passion, enthusiasm, etc.)
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility