home area; home town; local
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
celebrity; famous person; public figure; big name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
gate ball (game similar to croquet)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to make an effort; to be zealous
honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
great antiquity; old-fashioned; long ago
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
NHK; Japan Broadcasting Corporation
Kōhaku Uta Gassen; annual contest between male and female popular singers on New Year's Eve (sponsored and broadcast by NHK)
performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.)
enka singer; singer of Japanese traditional ballads
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
time; hour; period; class
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
online shopping; e-commerce; mail order
program (e.g. TV); programme
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
actor; actress; player; performer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
the teens (10-19); teenage; the tenth generation
short joke; quick one-liner; one-shot joke
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sell (well); to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
talk (esp. by a talk-show host, or by a stage musician to the audience between songs); banter; talk show; toque
quite; utterly; (not) at all; completely; wholly; entirely
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress