(horse-drawn) cart; wagon; dray
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(truck) load-carrying tray; (bicycle) luggage carrier; roof rack
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to have a nightmare; to make a noise during a nightmare
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
to think hard; to brood over; to worry too much (about); to torment oneself (with the thought of)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
sick person; patient; invalid
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to poison (e.g. food, drink); to administer poison
all but dead; half killed
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty