indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand (still) a while; to loiter; to stop
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
to watch steadily; to stare
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to open one's mouth (to talk); to (start to) tell
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
danger; peril; hazard; risk
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
again; once more; a second time
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
erasure; striking off; crossing out; cancellation; deletion
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
honorific/polite/humble prefix
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do