indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition; formal writing with little real meaning
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to recall; to remember; to recollect
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
chapter one; first chapter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
twilight; sunset; dusk; evening
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
school building; schoolhouse
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category