chapter one; first chapter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
place; situation; position; location
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
conical hat (East-Asian style); coolie hat; something shaped like a conical hat or an umbrella; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
shopping district; shopping street; downtown
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
people; men and women; each person; everybody
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
instant; moment; for an instant
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to pass (a car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to outdistance
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
name; given name; first name
morning fog; morning mist
splash pattern (e.g. on a kimono); dye pattern; kasuri
senior high school; high school
second-year student; biennial
to run through; to run past
while; during; while; although; all; both
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
worst; horrible; horrid; in the worst case; if worst comes to worst