ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
underground shopping center; underground shopping centre
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop walking; to pause
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
chestnut-color; chestnut-colour
kinky hair; frizzy hair; unruly hair; curly hair
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to grow; to cultivate; to wear a beard
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
helmet; hard hat; protective headgear
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
work clothes; workwear; boilersuit; overalls
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years
man; male; masculine gender
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to have a cramp; to twitch; to stiffen (of a face, expression); to freeze; to shrink (of skin, due to a scar); to tauten
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
passage; pathway; roadway; avenue; aisle
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
scrawl; scribble; graffiti; doodle
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
to ask; to enquire; to query
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah