ruins (of a building, town, etc.); remains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
underground shopping center; underground shopping centre
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop walking; to pause
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
chestnut-color; chestnut-colour
kinky hair; frizzy hair; unruly hair; curly hair
ear; hearing; ear (for music, etc.); edge; crust; ear (of a pot, jug, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to grow; to cultivate; to let grow (e.g. weeds)
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
helmet; hard hat; protective headgear
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
work clothes; workwear; boilersuit; overalls
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years
man; male; masculine gender
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to have a cramp; to twitch; to stiffen (of a face, expression); to freeze; to shrink (of skin, due to a scar); to tauten
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
passage; pathway; roadway; avenue; aisle
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
chalk; choke (hold); choke (of an engine)
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
scrawl; scribble; graffiti; doodle
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
sign; mark; marker; marker
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
to ask; to enquire; to query
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah